Intake Manifold is one of the key components of the Powertrain System which stipulates fresh air to the Internal Combustion Engine and has a major effect on the performance of the Engine. This article discusses about the designing and manufacturing of an Intake Manifold for a Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine running on RON98 fuel in a Formula SAE vehicle. As the part of present work, a 1-Dimensional engine cycle simulation model was developed using Ricardo Wave and CFD simulations were conducted using commercial CFD solver to corroborate the modelling. FSAE dictates that all intakes for combustion vehicles should have a restriction of the max diameter of 20mm hence the design objective of maximizing velocity at the throat. The manifold shape is optimized via SolidWorks and CFD. Subsequently, structural integrity was ensured by performing Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS and a complex Structure was assimilated to withstand pressure and vibrations from the Engine. Rapid Prototyping Technique was adapted to maximize the manufacturing efficiency and accuracy. Via a design-decision matrix, Multi-jet Fusion Additive Manufacturing with PA-12 was opted to contend with the porosity issue and to maintain the light-weightiness of the Intake Manifold. Testing and validation were conducted via a Dynamometer. Furthermore, the Power and Torque curves of the Simulation and Dynamometer exhibited great resemblance, associating to the accuracy of the intake model boundary conditions.

Content based image retrieval system searches the database to find the images that are similar to the query image. It compares the images in the database, using the features such as shape, color, texture etc. The common problems faced in Image Retrieval System are semantics and time consumption. This will overcome by developing a “CBMIR: content based medical Image Retrieval System” that allows the user to query using a single region of an image instead of whole image. Since we concentrate on medical domain, the features extracted are shape, intensity and texture are used in spatial domain. In this work the first step is to crop the query image as specified by the user. Second, extract the features from the cropped image. Similarly, crop and extract the features for the database images. Determine the image similarity and retrieve the images from the database using Euclidean Distance method. In this method, the images with shortest distance from the query image are retrieved

There is evidence of urban planning and designed communities dating back to the Mesopotamian, Indus Valley, Minoan, and Egyptian civilizations in the third millennium BCE. Archeologists studying the ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that were laid out at right angles in a grid pattern.[8] The idea of a planned out urban area evolved as different civilizations adopted it. Beginning in the 8th century BCE, Greek city states were primarily centered on orthogonal (or grid-like) plans.[9] The ancient Romans, inspired by the Greeks, also used orthogonal plans for their cities. City planning in the Roman world was developed for military defense and public convenience. The spread of the Roman Empire subsequently spread the ideas of urban planning. As the Roman Empire declined, these ideas slowly disappeared. However, many cities in Europe still held onto the planned Roman city center. Cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th centuries, often grew organically and sometimes chaotically. But in the following centuries some newly created towns were built according to preconceived plans, and many others were enlarged with newly planned extensions.[10] From the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban design and the people that were involved.

I artikeln analyseras historieskrivningen om den svenska konstn�ren Isaac Gr�newald (1889�1946) med s�rskilt fokus p� antisemitiskt grundade f�rest�llningar om honom. Unders�kningen utg�r huvudsakligen fr�n publicerade biografiska framst�llningarna som dels beskriver hans karakt�r, dels positionerar honom inom den svenska modernistiska konsthistorien. I analyserna lyfts de i materialet �terkommande f�rest�llningarna om honom som ett orientaliskt, judiskt och fr�mmande element i den svenska konstv�rlden fram, liksom beskrivningarna av honom som en person med ett v�ldsamt temperament med ett behov av att vara i centrum. Dessa beskrivningar av Gr�newald analyseras i relation till s�v�l rasialism som antisemitism och socialpsykologisk f�rst�else. �ven om de antisemitiskt och/eller rasistiskt f�rgade utsagorna mer eller mindre raderats ut i senare biografiska framst�llningar s� p�visas det i artikeln att de grundl�ggande v�rderingarna och karakt�ristiken av Gr�newald kvarst�r. I artikeln argumenteras det f�r att dessa biografiska framst�llningarna domineras av en allosemitisk attityd som beh�ver m�tas upp med en betydligt mer m�ngfasetterad f�rst�else av identitet som ett m�te mellan en personlig och en kulturell judisk identifikation i en relationell process av vad Stuart Hall kallar ett becoming s�v�l som ett being.

Even following the introduction of universal suffrage, the meaning, development and future of representative democracy represented a contested issue in Sweden. As in many other countries, one important concern was the function and importance of effective civic communication. This article explores these debates by focusing on discourses concerning the relationship between democracy and advertising. More specifically, it analyzes how members and supporters of the advertising industry intervened in debates on democracy by constructing and promoting politically significant advertising concepts. Using mainly advertising periodicals and handbooks as sources, this article asks: How did these actors look upon the role of advertising in democratic societies? Which kinds of visions of society did the concept of advertising entail? How were considerations regarding democracy incorporated in discussions on advertising? While there is plenty of scholarship on the uses of advertising and propaganda in politics, we still have limited knowledge concerning the political implications of advertising concepts in the interwar period. Furthermore, in present-day debates and scholarship, the symbiosis between advertising and politics is generally explored as a problem for democracy. This article instead analyzes the conceptual foundations and democratic hopes and expectations of such a symbiosis. It demonstrates how advertising promised to cultivate free, educated and self-reflective citizens, to streamline civic communication and to let the political �battles� be fought out by means of words and images instead of by opposing citizens. Hence, advertising was construed as the answer to three major arguments against democracy: that its demos was not up to the task, that it was too ineffective and that it created or exacerbated internal conflicts. Making democracy safe for the world has been a major preoccupation in mainstream political thought and practice during the twentieth century, and many �admen� were keen on participating in such a project.

This article explores how Swedish historian Birgitta Od�n (1921�2016) sought to launch an interdisciplinary environmental research programme in the late 1960s. Od�n�s objective was to make history useful for political decision-making. To this end, she collaborated closely with political scientists and economists. However, the impetus for the proposed research programme � �Environment, Natural Resource and Society� � came from the Swedish Defense Research Institute. Its head, Martin Fehrm (1910�2001), gathered scholars, scientists, and technicians in order to discuss and address the looming environmental crisis already in the spring of 1967. However, the subsequent grand plans never materialized. The interdisciplinary research programme never received any substantial funding. This article offers a novel contribution to the history of historiography by demonstrating the fruitfulness of studying the early phases of historical research: planning, grant applications, and the building of local research environments. The study is based on Birgitta Od�n�s bequeathed papers and interviews with former students, whom she engaged in the planned research programme. The study covers the period 1967�1969 and shows how she conceived of environmental history, at a time when no such field existed internationally. Moreover, the study provides insights into how Od�n worked as a research leader and shows how the humanities were linked to the social sciences, the natural sciences, the military research complex, and leading politicians in Sweden during the late 1960s.