The future management of air traffic allows aircrafts choosing their own velocities,\naltitudes and directions. In aviation industry, this possibility is known as “free flight”.\nOne of the important issues in free flight method is conflict resolution. In successful\nfree flight, conflicts while maintaining satisfactory efficiency must be avoided. In this\npaper, we proposed a multi agent based conflict detection and resolution approach in\nfree flight method. We selected aircrafts and ground flight path controllers as agents\nthroughout the airspace, respectively called “AA” and “FPCA”. This type of agent\nselection provides a proper balance between distributed and centralized authority in\norder to solve air traffic conflicts and this is one of the merits of the system. FPCA\nAgents by negotiation with each other, map the situation of the airspace (in their vision\ndomain) to a directed graph. After some conversion on mapped graph, agents color the\ncorresponding graph using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. There are\nmany benefits to using such a system include delay reduction, passenger comfort, safety\nand speed increase, travel time reduction and less fuel consumption. The proposed\nsystem not only proposed for free flight method but also can be use as a tool beside the\ncurrent air traffic management system without completely replaces it. The proposed\nmethod is implemented and tested by using different common test cases. The\nexperimental results show high efficiency of the system.

Retaining walls are used to retain earth or other materials which have the tendency to slide and repose at a particular inclination. They provide lateral support to the embankment or other materials in order to hold them in a vertical position. As against equal forces shells are less thick in comparison with flat slabs, their application is economical regarding consumptive materials, so in this research in order to reduce consumptive materials, multi cylindrical shells are adapted with retaining walls and calculation and analysis of one kind of new lightened retaining wall is proposed. To analyze shell structures, there are different theories. The application of these theories depends on geometrical shape, shell quality, shell usage, boundary condition and enforced loads. To analyze and calculate lightened shell retaining wall, equations are required which should both present the mechanical behavior of the shell with required exactness and also be solvable mathematically. To attain this goal, the method proposed in this research can be applied. In solving the problem formed of multi cylindrical shell with slabs, engineering mechanics combined principles are used and the equations of bending theory of multi cylindrical shell are adapted with retaining walls. Generally, in this paper the analysis method of lightened retaining walls consisted of multi cylindrical shells are presented.

Nanoparticles of silver (NanoAg) have been shown to control the growth of bacteria, but application of NanoAg in endodontics has not been evaluated. This in vitro study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of NanoAg to enhance the inhibitory effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Antibacterial activity of NanoAg, and NanoAg-MTA against 4 types of anaerobic pathogens were tested in vitro using, 1) Agar diffusion test (ADT), and 2) A newly devised membrane-enclosed immersion test (MEIT) that allowed for direct exposure of NanoAg-MTA to bacterial cultures. Concentrations of NanoAg-MTA ranging 6.25 ppm-25 ppm were tested using bacterial suspensions at 37 oC for 0.5h-48h periods under anaerobic conditions. Both NanoAg and NanoAg-MTA inhibited the growth of all 4 test bacteria at 25 ppm concentrations. MEIT analysis consistently showed that NanoAg enhanced the antimicrobial activity of MTA significantly; and bacterial susceptibility to lower concentrations of NanoAg varied depending on the type of bacteria. Overall, NanoAg-MTA showed significant inhibitory effect, which was time and dose-dependent. We conclude that NanoAg can serve as an excellent MTA additive against anaerobic endodontic-periodontal pathogens with clinical applications for infection control in endodontic.

Suicide is committed by a person himself and whether conscious or semi-conscious it is aimed to end one`s life. This action is not committed inadvertently or absurdly. However, it could be related to one`s unmet needs and feelings of despair. This study is a cross-sectional study. The participants include 80 suicide attempters who were hospitalized within 2011 in Ebnesina Hospital of Bandarabbass, Iran. The variables that were taken into account are suicidal patients` demographic characteristics, where, when and how the person had committed suicide. And all of these data were available in patients` profiles. These data were analyzed by using SSPS software. Results showed that 45% of suicidal people were the youth and adolescents. Also, 75.5 % of these people were single and 22.5 % of them were married. Most suicides have occurred in the summer which makes up 41.3 % of all the suicidal people. On the other hand 11.3 % of suicides committed successfully and 88.7 % of them have been unsuccessful. 42.5 % of suicidal people had used drugs and 38.8 % of them had used pesticides to commit suicide. 78.8 % of these patients had psychotic disorders, and 12.5 % of them were suffering from mental disorders such as Schizophrenia. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between seasons in which suicide is committed, marital status, age, mental illness, educational and occupational characteristics of suicidal patients. This study showed that the most vulnerable people in committing suicide are among the youth and adolescents. Singles had attempted suicide more than married people. Most of suicide attempters had used drugs in committing suicide. Generally, in the current study, some variables including; season, marital status, age, history of mental illnesses, educational and occupational variables were all associated with committing suicide.

Background and Goal:The optimal allocation of recourses is the most important instrument of strategic accomplishment and long- term plans in each organization. In other words, policies and purposes of each organization is reflected in the optimal allocation of resources to activities.\nMethod:The study method is descriptive-sectional and functional. The study environment issub- province of Qaemshar and the sample study number includes 75 employed specialists with various specialists in this sub-province in 2010. The data collection instrument is designed due to checklist attendance volume and time- evaluation of services carried out based on one service from the view of self-assertion, time-study and use of experts’ ideas in medical affairs. To assess the workforce, software was designed in SQI server environment.\nFindings:Based on the obtained results, attendance average to a specialist is 7769 people. The most attendance was 13313 people for neurologist during a year and the least attendance was 4852 people for general surgeons in sub-province of Qaemshahr with the population of 330255 people. Attendance norm to a specialist is 1.76 for 1000 people in this study. The number of the assessed force based on the time- consumption average of a service is 75 people. \nConclusion: Efficiency of the offered model is the ability to assess the workforce with“N” indexes. It has flexibility for workforce allocation with regard to the capacity of attendance number in different parts of the country. So, with using the above- mentioned model, not only the problem of lack of medically specialized workforce will be solved in the district under control of each university, but also this model can announce the number of medically needed workforce to the educational deputy of related ministry for education during next N years scientifically and logically.

In the age of Ilkhanids, architecture and urbanization of Tabriz also grew in its developmental path, as well as other fields. In this age Tabriz became the world center of politics and economics. Also in this period Tabriz had considerable developments in terms of urban structure. It is possible to mention to architect Taj Aldin Alishah (known as Memar Taj Aldin Alishah in local language) as one of the greatest architects of the age. Creativity of this architect is indicated in huge and reinforced established buildings. He was a pioneer in building important and official buildings in the Capital of Ilkhanids for thirty years and as a founder and head architect had a great deal of effort to develop city of Sultanieh. Taj Aldin Alishah was head architect (Memar Bashi) in building his own buildings as well as other buildings. It is possible to mention to Shanba Ghazan, Alishah Mosque set, city of Sultanieh, and other charity and religious buildings as his architectural masterpieces. This great architect was directly responsible for architecture of Alishah set (Grand mosque, school, hermitage, tomb, bath, and bazaar). In this set, accurate skill of architectural and engineering art is visible. This building as an architectural masterpiece in his age was unique in terms of aesthetics and it is obvious that the great structure of Alishah mosque was considered as the greatest religious set of Islamic world based on these indexes.