Rule acquisitions in ontology based systems are become very popular in different research areas and applications. The use of ontology based acquisition tool is used to bring together knowledge of experts from different disciplines. Evaluating semantic relatedness from the web is a problem with a long history in artificial intelligence. This paper presents a new measure for the evaluation of semantic similarity from the web by exploiting ontology based RuleToOnto (Rule acquisition procedure). We introduce automatic rule acquisition screening method that intends to automatically screen the exact parts of web page that contain rules. The main idea of our proposed scheme is to acquire the rules from several sites of the various domains. The sites have similar web pages explaining similar rules from each other. Our proposed work desires to acquire rules from a site by using similar rules of other sites in the various domains. By implementing this proposed scheme, we can develop an automatic rule acquisition measure through information about rules, which overcome the limitation done by knowledge engineer. Experimental lessons demonstrate that semantic rules in conjunction with ontology can acquire knowledge from various domains more accurately and efficiently.

The validation in design phase of software engineering is important for the continuing advancement of both design theory and the professional practice of engineering. Validation processes are required by the researcher in design phase to guide the development and evaluation of new methods. In this paper the researcher validates developed metrics and models. MATLAB software is used for the calculation of proposed metrics and models. A systematic pre-tryout validation is carried out for the proposed CEM and REM models for reliability estimation of an object oriented design. Furthermore, reliability improvement guidelines (RIG-OOD) are also validated systematically for testing the usefulness of the models for reliability estimation of an object oriented design. For pre tryout validation a case study on an OSCAR object oriented design is carried out in this paper. Various figures and tables were generated for the object oriented design. The result of the metric values prior to the RIG-OOD treatment and after RIG- OOD treatment indicates that the reliability improvement guidelines effectively minimized the complexity of object oriented design and improve the reliability of an object oriented design. A successful pre tryout leads us for the next step i.e. tryout.

Numerous users use World Wide Web (WWW) as their default resource for obtaining knowledge and many organization need to empathize their customer’s preference, behavior and future need to improve their business. Web usage mining is a part of web mining and an active research topic. The main goal is to find, model and analyze the behavioral pattern of the users. The captured patterns are represented as a collection of objects, or as pages, which are frequently used or accessed by a set of users having common interest. Enormous outstanding techniques have been developed to improve the extraction process. This paper presents a survey of recent methodologies in the field of web mining.

The present study describes antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and oxidative stress of water, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from Eryngium serbicum Pančić, growing wild in Serbia. The total phenolic content in the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged between 57.64 to 121.35 mg GA/l. The concentrations of flavonoids in the extracts varied from 17.49 to 72.41 mg QU/l. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH reagent. Antioxidant activity ranged from 1.248 to 10.376 IC50 (mg/ml) and from 1.63 to 3.36 mg VitC/l when tested with the DPPH and ABTS reagents, respectively, using BHA and VitC as controls. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated using a micro well-dilution assay against the most common human gastrointestinal pathogenic bacterial strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC15313, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. This finding suggests that E. serbicum may be considered as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa), represents the most commonly diagnosed type of malignancy among men in Western European countries, and the second cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide. Methylation of the CpG island has an important role in prostate carcinogenesis and progression.\nPurpose: The purpose of the study was to analyse the diagnostic value of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of gene glutathione S-transferase P1(GSTP1) in plasma DNA to discriminate between prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients by minimally invasive methods.\nMaterials and methods:Aberrant promoter hypermethylation was investigated in DNA isolated from plasma samples of 31 patients with diagnostic of PCa and 44 cancer-free males(control subjects).Extracted genomic DNA was bisulfite treated and analyzed using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction(MS-PCR) technique.\nResults:Hypermethylation of GSTP1 gene was detected in plasma samples from 27 of 31(92.86%) patients with PCa.Genomic DNA from plasma samples from the 44 controls without genitourinary cancer, revealed promoter hypermethylation of GSTP1 gene in 3(10.6 %)of the 44 patients. Receiver operating curve (ROC) included clinico-pathological parameters such as: serum PSA levels, pathological stage, Gleason score, hypermethylation status of GSTP1 gene,and gave a predictive accuracy of 93% with a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 87%, respectively.\nConclusion:In this study, we have evaluated the ability of GSTP1 gene to discriminate between PCa and BPH patients in genomic DNA from plasma samples,by non- invasive methods.

The aim of this study was to compare the ambiguity tolerance and sense of loneliness with responsibility of children in single and multi child families. The research method of this study was casual – comparative method. Statistical population is consisted of all secondary school female students of Tehran and the sample size is determined as 281 cases. To select the desire sample of students a multi-stage cluster sampling was used. Data collecting tool was the scale of responsibility questionnaire of Sanaei et al (1381), Asher loneliness scale of tolerance and the McLean’s (1993) tolerance of ambiguity questionnaires, respectively. In this research, independent T and logistic regression was used to test the hypotheses. Results from T tests of a couple of independent groups showed that with 5 percent of confidence we can say that there is no significant difference between children tolerance of ambiguity components (role-taking complexity and unresolved issues) in single and multi child families. Also with 95 percent one can say that there is no significant difference between the loneliness feeling and responsibility scales in single and multi child families. And finally in response to the contribution of each variable to separate children of single and multi child families, logistic regression analysis showed that in the prediction equation only role taking among all other predictor variables is significant and is able to predict this issue.