In this study, the wind speed characteristics and energy potential in three selected locations in the southeastern\npart of Nigeria were investigated using wind speed data that span between 24 and 37 years and measured at a\nheight of 10 m. It was shown that the annual mean wind speed at a height of 10 m for Enugu, Owerri and Onitsha\nare 5.42, 3.36 and 3.59 m/s, respectively, while the annual mean power densities are 96.98, 23.23 and 28.34 W/m2,\nrespectively. It was further shown that the mean annual value of the most probable wind speed are 5.47, 3.72 and\n3.50 m/s for Enugu, Owerri and Onitsha, respectively, while the respective annual value of the wind speed carrying\nmaximum energy are 6.48, 4.33 and 3.90 m/s. The performance of selected commercial wind turbine models (with\nrated power between 50 and 1,000 kW) designed for electricity generation and a windmill (rated power, 0.36 kW)\nfor water pumping located in these sites was examined. The annual energy output and capacity factor for these\nturbines, as well as the water produced by the windmill, were determined. The minimum required design\nparameters for a wind turbine to be a viable option for electricity generation in each location are also suggested
Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that develops in the prostate gland of male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing,but in some aggressive cancers the cancer cells may spread from prostate to other parts of the body like bones and lymp nodes.Increased attention is drawn towards the early detection of cancer cells to decrease the severity of the disease.For the diagnosis and analysis of prostate cancer, invasive and non-invasive methods play a major role in the medical field. Invasive methods like Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and gleason score testing with Trans rectual ultrasound(TRUS) and Digital rectal examination(DRE) are used for early detection of prostate cancer. Imaging techniques like Ultra-sonography(US),Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) , Computed tomography(CT) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging(FMRI)are non-invasive methods used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.This paper presents a discussion on causes,symptoms,with classification of its types and basic computer aided non-invasive techniques for the diagnosis and analysis of prostate cancer.
Many environmental problems such as: negative effects on aquatic life, destruction of aquatic ecosystems, soil pollution, reducing the oxygen level in the water absorption through skin contact, brain damages, damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS) and joints, eye damage, toxicity, etc., have been reported related with EG. In this study, ozone as an advanced oxidation method was used for the treatment of EG containing wastewaters. For this purpose, the impact of contact time and pH variations on EG removal by ozonation at two level including low and high concentration (low= 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and high=500, 750, 1000, 1500 mg/L) were examined. An EG removal kinetic analysis was determined based on removal rates via several ozonation times. At concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mg/L after 180 minutes, removal of EG were achieved 93.31, 89.96, and 85.01 % respectively. Increasing pH has a direct impact on system efficiency and maximum efficiency corresponds to a concentration of 1500 mg/L 20.26 % was observed. Very good correlation coefficients at this kinetic study at all concentrations, investigated that EG removal will follow the first-order kinetics. Increasing and decreasing pH has a dramatic effect on the efficiency of the system, so that the efficiency increases significantly at alkaline pH. According to the results ozone system can be an excellent option for EG containing wastewater treatment.
In Domestic Wind Machines, if the wind speed is low, the output voltage is not sufficient to charge the battery as it is lower than the rated charging voltage of the battery. This limits the overall efficiency of the Wind Machine to 20%. This paper proposed to design and develop a Fuzzy Logic controller (FLC) for the effective utilization of the wind machine .By implementing a FLC based Buck Boost converter, the voltage produced at the lower wind speeds can also be utilized effectively by boosting it to the rated charging voltage of the battery. Also if the wind speed is high (>14 m/s), the DC output voltage will increase to more than 65 V. The converter bucks this high voltage to the nominal battery charging voltage (52 V), thereby protecting the battery from over charging voltage. Thus effective utilization of the wind machine has been achieved by the use of the proposed Buck Boost Controller.
Human Activities Recognition refers to any activities recognized via computer or system, for understanding behaviors of human automatically to be useful in many application, Human Activities Recognition in still image work within many stages such as ( reading image, foreground extraction (segmentation) , feature extraction, and classification ). Feature extraction is most important stage, our contribution here is to extract new features within chain code method and then find similarity among activities through extract 10 extra features such as (8- connected, number of bends, and length of vector of chain code) during these features we can get recognition rate a round 92% this rate is the best when we bench mark with previous researches.
The increased popularity of multimedia applications places a great demand on the security of multimedia content during transmission. Many digital applications such as Internet telephony, internet conferencing, internet security monitoring, video conferencing, pay-per-view, video-on-demand, medical image transmission, interactive video games require reliable security and confidentiality. As the full encryption conventional approaches provide very high security rather than partial/selective or transparent encryptions, the encryption of block ciphers in video streaming is analyzed. The sender encrypts the entire data stream and the immediate playback while decryption can be performed simultaneously at the receiver end is analyzed using AES, RC6 and IDEA. Thus a client player can begin playing the data in real time before the entire file has been decrypted. The performance of block ciphers AES, RC6 and IDEA are measured in terms of encryption time, speed and the startup latency. Experimental results showed the efficiency of block encryption in real-time and is able to manage the tradeoffs between the security and speed, and hence suitable for real-time secure video communication applications.
Introduction: Knee pain and low back pain are major public health issues and important causes of physical impairment among the elderly populations of most developed countries. When knee pain and low back pain and/or dysfunction occur together a complex situation that is capable of causing more disability occurs. Although the prevalence of knee pain and low back pain is quiet high little information is available on their association together. Physicians need to be able to recognize when, how and how much these conditions present together and know how to diagnose and treat them.\nBecause a limited amount of research exists regarding the potential temporal relationships between knee pain and low back pain (LBP), the purpose of this study was evaluation of coincidence and correlation of knee pain with lumbar disorders. \nMethods: This descriptive-analytic and case-control study was conducted in patients referred with knee pain complaint to physical medicine and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. Ninety patients with main complaint of knee pain were selected as case group and 90 patient whose main complaint were other than knee pain and low back pain were included into control group. Coincidence of knee pain and lumbar disorders were assessed and compared in case and control groups. \nResults: On the whole, 38 patients (22.4%) were male and 132 (77.6%) were women. In the case group, 20 individuals (22.2%) were male and 70 patients (8/77%) were female. In the control group, 18 patients (22.5%) were male and 62 patients (77.5%) were female. Gender composition between two groups was not significant. The mean age of the study population were 46.9±8.9 with range of 25 to 61 years. The mean age in the case and control groups was 47±9.2 years (25-61) and 46.7±8.6 years (25-61), respectively. No statistically significant difference between the groups was noted.\nEighty percent of patients of case group and 58.8% of control one had experienced LBP at some point (P=0.002). Life time prevalence for radicular LBP (P=0.02), chronic LBP (P=0.001), recurrent LBP (P=0.0001) of case group was higher than case group. Point prevalence of LBP was 57.7 % in case group and 28.8% in control one (P=0.0001). Range of motion (ROM) of lower limb and lumbar region, especially, for flexion and lateral bending in case group was less than control one. There was no significant difference in vertebral column posture between two groups. Trophedema of lumbar region was greater in case group than control one.\nConclusion: Considering the high prevalence of low back pain, more lumbar trophedema and greater limitation of range of motion in lumbar and lower extremity joints in cases, the relationship between lumbar and knee pain disorders in patients should attract greater attention for assessments and managements of patients with knee pain. Further investigation would be helpful