Among offenses committed by adolescents, robbery has a noticeable importance. Robbery is not a new phenomenon associated with the new period, it has been one of the oldest committed crimes among adolescents, and however, what matters is the prevalence of this crime among adolescents at the present time. Some of the criminologists believe that prevalence of robbery among adolescents is more that other common crimes. To their belief, it is also possible to relate the issue of children and adolescents’ crimes to their committing robberies. The main purpose of the present paper is to study impact of patterns of criminal behavior on simple robbery among adolescents. In order to achieve this purpose,70 adolescents at the age range of 15-19 at correction and rehabilitation center located in Alborz province have been studied based on the researcher’s questionnaire, previously done researches and experts’ opinions in 2012. The researcher’s questionnaire includes demographic factors that affect prevalence of robbery among the adolescents. Results of the present paper show impact of each of the variables on prevalence of robbery among adolescents. In fact, beta weight of parental crime background equals 0.336, beta weight of adolescent’s friends’ crime background equals 0/139, beta weight of having a tendency toward modeling friends’ criminal behaviors equal -0/508, beta weight of offense commitment at adolescents’ educational environment equals 0/150, beta weight of watching movies in which robbery is committed equals -0/190, and beta weight of living in areas where lots of crimes occur equals 0/137. Generally, with regard to the corrected coefficient of coordination determination, beta weight equals 0/62.

The establishment of Safavid rule/government in Iran, due to the determinant impacts it inflicted on the destiny of Iran, Islamic territories and the global equivalences/relations was considered the great event occurred in the beginning years of 10th century A.H, corresponding 16th A.D in the history of world. Before King Esmail Safavid coronated and announced the Esna Ashari (believers of 12 Imams) school of thought/religion as the official religion of Iran, Iranian territory was the field of successive tensions among power pretenders, across the centuries passed since the attack of Mongol, this territory was still deprived of independence and territorial integrity and following that the independent political identity. Concurrent to the beginning of Safavid rule, the Uzbaks in the east and Othmanids ruled in the west of Iran and both of them were making endeavors to expand their influence in the territory of Iran and if a powerful ruler did not took the power in the country of Iran, probably it would have been emerged in the conquests of Uzbaks and Othmanids and became deprived of independence for ever. In such a situation the establishing of Safavid rule and its expansion to the recognized territories of Iran revitalized the country of Iran and provided the ground of national unity shaping by laying the foundation of political and religious independence.

Background: There is growing interest in the use of progesterone receptor modulators such as Mifepristone for treatment of gynecologic and other conditions. The aim of this study was to determine effects of Antiprogesterone (RU486) on the ultrastructure of endometrial in the superovulated mice at Implantation Window.\n Methods: Adult male and female mice were used for induction of pesudopregnancy. The mice were divided into two groups; experimental and control groups. Experimental groups based on hormone injection were subdivided into two groups. 1) AntiProgesterone, 2) Hyperstimulation + Antiprogesterone. Control group obtained without any hyperstimulation. The uterines of all groups were collected after 4.5 day of pregnancy and were prepared for the assessment of the histological changes with LM and TEM. \nResults: The results showed that AntiProgesterone injection decrease the height of microvilli and pinopods in the apical cell in comparison to control group. Antiprogesterone injection increases the inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of endometrium.The histomorphometrical results indicated that endometrial luminal epithelium height in the Hyperstimulated + Antiprogesterone group was a significantly different in comparison to control group (p<0.01) . \nConclusion: These finding demonstrate that the use of Mifepristone is associated with histological changes in the endometium.

Careful and judicious use of nanotechnology, a recently emerging discipline, finding use in all fields including agriculture can promote growth of various crops. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) have various uses in agriculture and are expected to improve growth and yield of wheat crop. In these experiments silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method using silver nitrate and tri-sodium citrate. X-ray diffraction indicated presence of 10-20 nm sized nanoparticles. Three separate experiments were conducted to explore the effects of SNPs on germination, growth and yield of wheat cultivar NARC-2009. SNP concentrations used were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm. SNPs were found to have either no effect or decreased germination and germination index. Application of 25 and 50 ppm SNPs significantly increased number of seminal roots. To determine the role of SNPs on growth, one week old wheat seedlings were transferred to nutrient medium with different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm) of SNPs. Leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, root biomass, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate increased at 25 ppm SNPs as compared to control during first week but decreased during the following weeks. Wheat seedlings were transferred to soil filled pots where SNPs solution of different concentrations equivalent to field capacity were applied except control where distilled water was applied. Number of grains per spike was maximum for 25 ppm followed by 50 ppm concentrations. Maximum 100 grain weight was obtained for 25 and 125 ppm SNPs while grain yield per pot was highest for 25 and 50 ppm SNPs. Comprehensive experimentation is required to establish the most suitable concentration of SNPs for higher growth and maximum yield of wheat.

Micronutrients application significantly affects plant growth, development and bio-chemical process. A field study under subtropical rainfed condition was carried out to test the agronomic efficiency and HCN content of sorghum cultivars (JS-2002, Chakwal sorghum) applied with two levels of Zn (5 and 10 kg ha-1) and B (1 and 2 kg ha-1) micronutrients. Morphological, forage yield components and HCN content were assessed at two growth stages (60 and 75 DAS), while seed yield and concentration of zinc and boron in leaves and seed at soft dough stage. Both micronutrients have significant effects on biophysical and HCN content of both forage sorghum cultivars studied in this experiment. Combined effect of Zn and B @ 10 and 2 kg ha-1 was more pronounced because greater plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass yield and seed yield than the sole application. Sorghum cultivar JS-2002 was found more efficient than Chakwal sorghum regarding morphological and yield traits. HCN content was found to be higher in plants without micronutrient application. Highest agronomic efficiency of seed, forage and dry nutrient ratio of 422, 6.28 and 1.55 were obtained where 2 kg ha-1 boron was applied resulting 35% net benefit when compared to control treatment.

If today\'s organizations are not able to adopt themselves with environmental changes, they will lose the competition. In such a condition, organizations are in need of leaders who are capable of turning their companies into one having more ability to progress and even to survive in those situations. Transformational leaders guide organization from present to the future and apply suitable changes to support the organization\'s objectives. Besides, knowledge management is a crucial factor influential in helping organizations survive and gain success in such competitive environment and Information Age. Also considering the fact that the leaders play the role of a sample for others, their leadership style is directly influential in organization\'s tendency and manner of facing with processes and steps of knowledge management. Therefore, this article intends to find the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management in Alvan Sabet Company. \nFor this purpose, having done a revision of the existing literature on the field, we established five main hypotheses and four sub-hypotheses. To test the research hypotheses we have made use of a questionnaire being distributed among the population. The population of this research includes all the experts and masters of Alvan Sabet Co. totally being 47 in number. Regarding limitation in population size we have used census method in this research. We\'ve made use of descriptive statistics technique to analyze demographic variables while to investigate the hypotheses, we have used Pearson Solidarity Test and Spearman. The result show that the correlation between the transformational leadership style and knowledge management has been 0.784 which is considerably high.