Abstract\nLearner-oriented education is a spectrum that extends from the interaction between learner and teacher to pure learner-oriented education. This study uses a descriptive-analytical methodology to explore the views of the three main contributors of learner-oriented education, namely, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. This study is an attempt to find the positions of these three personalities on learner-oriented education spectrum. The findings of this study show that all three personalities supported learner-oriented education and emphasized on its many attributes. These attributes provide learner the freedom of experimentation, interaction, and participation based on his needs, motivation, interest, and willingness that are driven by his talents and understanding. Learner-oriented education is like a color spectrum. It starts at the light end (A) and turns darker as education moves on the spectrum toward the other end (B). Each one of the three contributors has a position on this spectrum.
The response of two wheat cultivars (Misr-1 and Sakha-93) to NaCl was studied to ameliorate salinity tolerance by CaCl2. Growth parameters and also glutathione (GSH) content in both cultivars under normal conditions were most likely similar. Nonetheless, NaCl at 75, 150 and 225 mM led to accumulation in lipid peroxides and H2O2 but decreased GSH; the effect was most pronounced in Sakha-93 particularly with increasing NaCl concentration. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were increased in Misr-1 by 75 and 150 mM but inhibited in Sakha-93 by all concentrations. The alternative oxidase (AOX) responded differently to NaCl, there were decreases by 75 and 225 mM in Misr-1 and by 75 and 150 mM in Sakha-93. Nevertheless, 10 mM CaCl2 alleviated the impacts of NaCl, counterbalances in the accumulated peroxides and H2O2 and recoveries in the decreased GSH were mostly induced by CaCl2 particularly in Misr-1. These findings reveal that ROS scavenging is more efficient in Misr-1, the more tolerant cultivar. The response of AOX appeared to coincide with antioxidants so that the damage which was inflicted by NaCl can be ameliorated by over-expression of antioxidants especially with the presence of CaCl2.
α-Amylase is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of alpha-linked polysaccharides into α-anomeric products. The enzyme can be derived from a variety of sources, each with different characteristics. α-Amylase found within the human body serves as the enzyme active in pancreatic juice and salvia. α-Amylase is not only essential in human physiology but has a number of important biotechnological functions in various processing industries. the aim of this study is cloning and expression of α-Amylase gene of Human pancreatic amylase (amy2A)in Escherichia coli.to achieve this aim a gene coding for α-Amylase from NCBI was selected and amplified with specific primers and PCR.PCR product was cloned into a bacterial expression vector pET21-a . The recombinant plasmid was used to transform the bacterial expression strain BL21 and expression products were analyzed with SDS-PAGE, and Immunoblotting. Based on these results, the bacterial expression system successfully expressed α-Amylase.
α-Amylase is an enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the hydrolysis of alpha-linked polysaccharides into α-anomeric products(1). The enzyme can be derived from a variety of sources, each with different characteristics. α-Amylase found within the human body serves as the enzyme active in pancreatic juice and salvia. α-Amylase is not only essential in human physiology but has a number of important biotechnological functions in various processing industries. the aim of this study is cloning and expression of α-Amylase gene of Human pancreatic amylase (amy2A)in Escherichia coli.to achieve this aim a gene coding for α-Amylase from NCBI was selected and amplified with specific primers and PCR.PCR product was cloned into a bacterial expression vector pET21-a . The recombinant plasmid was used to transform the bacterial expression strain BL21 and expression products were analyzed with SDS-PAGE, and Immunoblotting. Based on these results, the bacterial expression system successfully expressed α-Amylase.
Study of clinical biomechanic of injured instrument vertebral column is restricted to qualitative consideration. Recently with helping Finite Element Method studies are done. Quantitative instrument evaluation injured instrument vertebral column have got new shape. At most of the biomechanical studies are done on the evaluation stability of implants and vertebral column (instrument), so for determining any stress distribution, in this research five pieces of posterior spinal implants system evaluated maximum von mises stress with using Finite Element Method and ANSYS software which including: Cotrel Dubousset Horizon, pedicular screw, made of titanium, pedicular screw, made of stainless steel, Cotrel Dubousset Horizon, laminar hook, pedicular hook, device for transvers traction, DTT hook and connecting rod , that all of them were made from titanium , in conditions without vertebra and in all loading conditions similar to biomechanic loading include: axial compression, flexion, lateral bending and axial rotation. In this research, quasi static safety factor of fixation devices determined between 3 to 6, so results of this study show that maximum Von Mises stress, at all loading conditions happen on the neck of the pedicular screws, in the blade of the hook and in the middle of the rod.
Wintering population status of the globally threatened Great Bustard Otis tarda is not well-understood in Iran. In current survey we investigated population status of Great Bustard in Mokryan region Northwest Iran from 2008 to 2010. This area is the most important habitat for this species in the country and includes three separate breeding and wintering grounds; Sootav, Qazlian and Yengija-Albolaq. Population assessment was based on regular monitoring in the wintering areas. In Sootav, maximum number of Great Bustards were observed in January 2009 (35 birds) and in Qazlian plain the highest number of birds were recorded in March 2010 (22 birds). The third habitat also supports the same number of Great Bustards in January. Results suggested that this areas Great Bustards don’t leave the breeding grounds and are resident to Mokryan region. Some measures are discussed for effective conservation of this species in the area.
Abstract The head is the most vulnerable part of the body during crash situations and is often involved in life-threatening injuries. The main purpose of the present work is to build and validate a numerical model of human head in order to evaluate pressure and stress distributions in bones and brain tissues due to impact. Furthermore, the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and the recently proposed Head Impact Power (HIP) criterion were evaluated with respect to the relative motion between the skull and the brain. It was found that the influence of impact direction had a substantial effect on the intracranial response. Geometrical characteristics for the finite element model have been extracted from CT and MRI scanner images, while material mechanical characteristics have been taken from literature. The analysis is performed using the program Ansys 3D to evaluate the risk of head injury in impact. The model is validated by comparing the numerical results and the experimental results obtained by Nahum in 1977.