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In Diesel Engines, the heat energy obtained from the glow plug increases the engine\'s ability to start up in cold climatic conditions and significantly reduces emissions of harmful gases leaving the exhaust. In cold climatic conditions, before the start off of diesel vehicles it is necessary to wait for about 10 s the cylinder block heating. This period negatively affects driving comfort. In this study, the mathematical results of the processes to optimize the time required for the glow plug to reach the required temperature have been experimentally proven. A test apparatus was developed to confirm experimentally the theoretical results. Thanks to these improvements concerning the manufacture of the glow plug, the time period to reach 850 ° C has been reduced by approximately 5 s. The proposed design is in accordance with the glow plug present in the market. Currently the whole glow plug must be changed at the end of lifetime, with our improvement only the inner tube resistance can be easily changed involving a cost reduction by about 60%.

Abstract:\nNowadays with the development of technology in information technology the world is witnessing profound changes and different aspects of human life have been transformed. For instance the form of commerce and contracts has changed among people due to broader adoption of computer and internet, and the traditional form of individual presence has been replaced by electronic or cyber forms. Nowadays many businessmen, companies, institutions,… present their products through internet and in cyber space and thereby they can transact with different people globally. As jurisprudence regulates human societies, with advent of any change in societies it should adapt and find solutions for novel issues. In our country due to the fact that the root of most legislation is Islamic jurisprudence, jurisprudential investigation of novel issues is of great importance. Therefore in this paper we try to answer the question as how can cyber transactions can be adapted with non-cyber transactions through jurisprudential perspective? Our hypothesis is that cyber transactions or e-commerce can be adapted with traditional jurisprudence and (Islamic) jurisprudence has the power to rule them too.

Abstract:\nFranchising as a business method came into being in second half of the 20th century. Since then the role of franchising in the growth of business and economic development has attracted the attention of the researchers. Most of franchises are begun from a simple idea of an entrepreneur and then the form and a system of business is made which have the capacity of a successful imitation. Presently franchising is dynamic in Iran as a business. The purpose of the present study using a quantitative method is to investigate the effective factors on franchisee’s satisfaction in the process of franchising. Standard questionnaire was used which its validity was proved by university professors and its reliability by Alpha Kronbach (0.092). After inferential data analysis through SPSS software, effective factors on franchisee satisfaction was clarified including the quality of system and services, competitive advantage of franchisor, franchisee’s features and market attractiveness. \nThe results showed that three factors of quality of system and services, competitive advantage of franchisor, and market attractiveness had meaningful relationship with franchisee’s satisfaction. Simultaneous investigation of four factors was done by stepwise regression and the result showed that only system and service quality had meaningful relationship with franchisee’s satisfaction. Also regression results on the relationship between competitive advantages variables on system and service quality, competitive advantage, market attractiveness and finally market attractiveness and system and service quality showed meaningful relationship.

ABSTRACT \nOne of the most important goals of companies and profit making organizations is gaining interest in short term and increasing shareholders’ wealth in long term. Achieving these purposes should be done through proper decision making about financial issues like finance providing, the methods of using capital inside organizations and investments out of the organization. Proper decision making needs performance evaluation through applying appropriate criteria and indices. The Criteria of financial performance evaluation has a higher status than other criteria because of its practicality, objectivity and tangibility. One of the most important financial criteria of active companies in stock exchange is stock return (SR) and stock investors have been seeking a way to predict it. Economic value added (EVA) is one of the most efficient criteria in evaluating quantitative explanation of stock return and one of the most important internal performance criteria. \nThe purpose of the present research is to explain the relationship between EVA and stock return and comparing it with Net profit (NP) regarding effectiveness on stock return. This operation is done to evaluate efficiency rate of EVA in Iran capital market for oil production companies. Coefficient of the relationship between net profit and stock return came 0.07 explaining higher power of net profit in explaining the changes of stock return. The results of the study showed that EVA didn’t have a meaningful relationship with stock return because of Iran capital market in oil production companies sector. We should seek a better economic criterion to evaluate the stock return of these companies.

Introduction of fuel hydrocarbons and inorganic compounds (heavy metals) into the soil, resulting in a change of the soil quality, which is likely to affect the normal use of the soil or endangering public health and ground water .This study aimed to determine a series of parameters to co-remediation of diesel and heavy metals contaminated soil by non-ionic surfactants in a soil washing process. In this experimental study the effects of soil washing time, agitation speed, concentration of surfactant, chelating agent and pH on the removal efficiency were studied. The results showed that diesel removal by nonionic surfactants (Tween 80, Brij 35) in optimal condition were 70-80 % and 60-65 % respectively. Addition of chelating agent (EDTA) showed that removal of Cd and Pb can significantly enhance. The washing of soil by non ionic surfactants and EDTA was effective in co-remediation of diesel and heavy metals from polluted soil, thus it can recommend for remediation of polluted soil.

ABSTRACT \nPresent research intends to investigate relationship of psychological hardiness with emotional intelligence and work holism among high school teachers. The under study society includes all male and female high school teacher in Ghorveh city in the academic year 2012-2013. Using simple random sampling method, a sample size of 100 male and female teachers was selected. To collect data, Kobassa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire, Bar-on questionnaire contains 90 questions about emotional intelligence and Aghabeigi Workaholics Questionnaire was employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test and regression analysis) were used. The findings indicated that there is negative and significant relationship between the variables psychological hardiness and work holism. There is a meaningful positive relationship between the psychological hardiness and emotional intelligence. And also there is a significant negative relationship between the variables emotional intelligence and work holism. Also revealed that there is no significant difference between the psychological hardiness and work holism of the male and female. And no significant difference between, emotional intelligence of the male and female.

This paper reported a selective, sensitive, precise, accurate and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of levofloxacin in human plasma. The method was validated according to ICH norm. Extraction procedure employed a single-step protein precipitation to isolate levofloxacin from the plasma followed by simple and rapid isocratic separation on a Zorbax SB-CN, a reversed-phase HPLC column and quantification by fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 290 nm and emission wavelength of 456 nm. The method employed a weighing factor of 1/concentration2 and was linear from 0.3-20.39 µg/ml of levofloxacin in plasma with a coefficient of correlation over 0.998. The recovery, selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and stability of the method were evaluated from spiked human plasma samples. The overall precision and accuracy ranged between 1-7%. The method was successfully applied to subject plasma samples in support of a levofloxacin pharmacokinetic study. The overall utility of the method is reflected in its high sample throughput as processing of a batch can be done within 20 min followed by a short run time of 12 min, thus making the procedure suitable for pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of levofloxacin.

Today, e-commerce is the most fundamental tool for financial transaction in developed countries. According to the reality that today the traditional market could not respond to the humans ‘s needs, so that it has been attempted to change the strategies for advertisement in order to conquer customers ‘s behaviors. With regard to the distinctive characteristics in social networks to peruse customer’s behavior, there is a possibility for the organization by which they could utilize e-commerce in social networks and subsequently achieve their goals. In social networks, it has been attempted influence other customer only through other customers who are satisfied about their online shopping; through this many customers would be attracted to buy the products. Several recommendations through the particular system for customers have been represented in the social networks which this is possible only through share of information between users and their relationship with each other and also the similar characteristics of products and users’s behavior. In present paper, it has been attempted to introduce e-commerce and social networks, for this a brief description about both e-commerce and social networks is needed in order to reduce drop in social networks affiliated to e-commerce and peruse the hypotheses of research and data analysis through descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics in this research involves the frequency table and central indices, and the inferential statistics involve Pierson‘s correlation coefficient as the statistical test in SPSS version 17 software.

Loads being induced on buildings are divided into two categories: vertical loads and lateral loads. Dead loads, live loads and snow loads are examples of vertical loads, while wind and earthquake loads are examples of lateral loads. Moreover, in light or tall buildings, effects of wind could be more serious. Effects of wind on structures depend on wind features, structure shape and environmental condition of structure. In this research, through doing a linear analysis on 54 steel moment frame models, wind force effect in valid codes such as NB CC-05, ASCE7-05 and national building codes of Iran are compared with one another. Moreover, effects of number of a building stories and the number of its bays on the value of wind force on a structure lateral response is studied as well. The results show that among all studied codes, ASCE7-5 has shown more values in evaluated parameters. Moreover, with the increase of number of stories of a building and its bays, factors such as ratio of stress in stories columns, overturning moment, base-shear force, index of stories drift and the amount of displacement at the center of mass will increase as well, based on rules of this code.

Reaction rate is the most important issue in Chemical kinetics which the objective of observation about reaction rate is to understand how different experimental conditions can influence the speed of a chemical reaction. Chemists are constantly intended to find the methods to increase the speed of reactions and at the short time gain the high efficiency by which a method to decrease and avoid the harmful chemical reactions would be appeared to work. Biological reactions are noticeably done slower than the chemical reactions. In chemical industry, processes are continuously developing, whereas the processes are not like this in biotechnological reactions. In fact, reaction rate due its high efficiency, heat consumption, low energy, high security, optimized usage of the materials, low wastage of chemical materials, and etc has gained importance. In present paper, the objective is to compare the biological and chemical reactions on the basis of reaction rate. To respond to the objective of the present paper, it has to be found out that which methods are helpful to increase the reaction rate.

In present paper, the stability curves for submarines at surface and submerged conditions have been presented in which the stability of ship has not been mentioned. The submarine due to the points such as diving and going under water are different from the ships. Three various conditions of stability in submarine have been considered which are as surface, transition and submerged conditions. The ballast tanks are provided for “submerging” process, so that the ballast tanks play important role in making the submarines stable and Equilibrium. The present paper is provided to give the results about the stability of submarine and it‘s difference points with the stability of ships.