A growing number of new unregulated drugs ('legal highs') have emerged in recent years which are also marketed on the Internet and often used on the recreational and night clubbing circuit. The EU has set up a system to detect new substances on the market and a mechanism to assess their risks and ban across the EU those substances that pose risks. The Council Decision on the information exchange, risk assessment and control of new psychoactive substances establishes an early warning system, enabling a rapid exchange of information on a new psychoactive substances emerging in the EU. When a new substance gives rise to concern, the EMCDDA and Europol can draw up a Joint Report, based on information on the substance collected from across the EU. Based on this Joint Report, the Commission or the individual of EU countries can request a risk assessment of the substance. Since 1997, EU countries notified more than 400 new psychoactive substances through the Early Warning System on new drugs. Those substances that seem to pose risks to health are subjected to risk assessment and if they are harmful, they are withdrawn of the market from the whole EU.

Although information theory resolves inconsistencies (known under the form of famous enigmas) of the traditional approach of thermostatistics, its place in the corresponding literature and in particular in textbooks is not what it deserves. This article supports the idea that this is mainly due to epistemological rather than scientific reasons: the subjectivity introduced into physics is perceived as a problem. Here is an attempt to expose and clarify where exactly this subjectivity lies: in the representation of the reality and in probabilistic inference. Two aspects which have been integrated into the practice of science for a long time and which should no longer frighten anyone, but which become explicit with information theory.

The stop of the electoral process in 1991 plunged Algeria into an unprecedented spiral of violence. Several political parties gathered in the platform of Sant-Egidio (Rome from January 8 to 15, 1995), for trying a peaceful solution to the political crisis which had shaken the country since three years. This platform represented a lot of hope for the Algerians who were hoping for a peaceful exit from the political crisis. Knowing that this event had not only a national but also an international impact. Thus, the entire Algerian press was involved in the event, especially El Watan, an independent daily journal and El Moudjahid, a government daily journal. Indeed, the application of factorial correspondence analysis (Benzécri, J-P: 1973). This analysis technique corresponds to the study of lexical quantification which allows, on the one hand, to conduct a comparative study between these two journals, and on the other hand to reveal argumentative strategies, based on theme words. and pairs of word occurrences, as well as the analysis of the discursive micro-universes of journalists.

The moderating role that organisational culture plays in the relationship between bank performance and CEO attributes has received attention in Tunisia. This study's primary objective was to ascertain the impact of organisational culture on the relationship between the CEO's attributes and the organisational performance of listed deposit money banks in Tunisia. The target demographic consisted of 406 full-time senior management employees of listed tier-one banks in Tunisia. The sample size that was produced by applying stratified and proportionate sampling techniques consisted of 381 employees. In order to collect data for the study, a questionnaire was employed. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using the Cronbach alpha test. A 5% significance threshold was used in the study's hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the hypothesis. The findings indicate that the organisation culture has a negative and statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between the CEO qualities and the organisational performance of the listed deposit money banks in Tunisia. Accordingly, the study recommended that the CEO Characteristics strategy be put into practice by the management of Deposit Money Banks in Tunisia in order to enhance organisational performance and people skills through a better organisational culture. CEOs should be in charge of how banks formulate their strategies and provide their employees' work direction and purpose.

The road network system in the wilaya of Sétif suffers from congestion and intense traffic, which leads to emphasis on its role with the aim of clarifying the role of GIS in traffic diagnosis. The objective of this study aims to show the potential of GIS to identify areas with a high rate of traffic accidents and to analyse their causes and to guide the efforts of the authorities of the Wilaya of Sétif to reduce this phenomenon, thus to propose solutions and measures aimed at improving road planning and efficiently directing traffic. The spatial analysis of the phenomenon, which is based on a quantitative and descriptive analytical approach using GIS, shows that national roads are the most exposed to traffic accidents with a rate of 56.69%, i.e. 257 injuries and 35 deaths total accidents for the shooting year 2022.This result is reflected by a high use of this type of road network and the current statistical analysis 515 accidents compared to the years 2021 and 2020, is on an upward trend, which is alarming.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and competence of health vocational high school students about sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and to make necessary educational plans Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in Davultepe Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in the 2020-2021 academic year fall semester. The data were obtained through the "Knowledge-Attitudes and Behaviours of Students towards Sexual and Reproductive Health" questionnaire, which includes descriptive features. A questionnaire with a total of 21 questions was applied to the students (n:157) using 3 demographic questions and a Likert type scale, and descriptive analysis was used for the statistical evaluation of the data. Results: Findings: In the study, 70.4% of the participants were female students and the majority of them lived at home with their families (98.7%). More than half (69.4%) of the students who participated in the study stated that they found it appropriate to provide information about SRH from secondary education onwards. The rate of those who think it is appropriate from university onwards is 41.2%. At all levels, 56.5% think that there should be SRH counselling units in schools. The rate of those who stated that sexual health issues are not discussed at home is 61%. 85% of the participants stated that they did not experience any health problems related to SRH. A large proportion of students (71.9%) think that the media's use of written and visual materials containing sexual content is negative. Conclusion: In this study, the majority of the participants were concerned about sexually explicit materials in the media and suggested that the content may be inaccurate and misleading. Participants stated that information on SRH should be provided from secondary education onwards and that this education should be transferred to the school curriculum earlier and professionally, and it was determined that they needed a sexual counselling unit.