Saudi Arabia is shifting to adopt a knowledge-based economy to contribute to its economic growth and wealth creation through innovation and high-tech industries which is expected to account for a major share of the country’s GDP growth. The identification of the indicators that contribute more to Saudi Arabia performance in global innovation and their relationship to the gross domestic product (GDP) as a macroeconomic variable is important to understand its influence on the economic growth. This paper, explore the relationship between Saudi innovation performance and the economic growth, and the strategic role of Saudi Authority of Intellectual Property SAIP in supporting the innovation preface of the country. Using annual data from GII 2016 to 2021, The result of the analysis revealed that innovation positively and significantly related to Gross Domestic Product in Saudi Arabia. Results on SAIP initiatives show alignment with GII indicators.

Community development is not limited to solving immediate problems, but also involves promoting long-term cultural and social change, so it has to be constantly evaluated. The objective was to homogenize the design, monitoring and evaluation practices of the community centres through the construction of a management model, which allows generating synergies and complementing the work they do. The methodology used had a cross-sectional descriptive approach, the evaluation method was used. For the construction of the indicators, an adaptation of the open standards and what was proposed by the National Council for the Evaluation of Public Policies for Social Development was carried out. The results of this study correspond to the work carried out with personnel from the Regional University Centre of the Northwest (CRUNO) of the Chapingo Autonomous University, the University Centre for Community Development (CUDDEC) of the Technological Institute of Sonora, the La Salle Northwest University Community Centre (ULSA) and the Social Promotion Committee of the Yaqui Valley A. C. (PROVAY). with whom twenty indicators were proposed to evaluate the management of community centres. It is concluded that the use of evaluation instruments strengthens and provides validity to the work carried out by community centres for sustainable local development. The results of this study can be replicated in any national or international community development context.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la vida útil de la papaya cortada mediante aplicando recubrimiento comestible de almidón de yuca, con adición de L. acidophilus microencapsulado. Se aplicó un Diseño de Bloque (Dias) Completamente al Azar en arreglo bifactorial A*B con tres réplicas por cada tratamiento, tomando como unidad experimental 250 g de papaya cortada. Para esto, se manejaron los siguientes factores a: Concentración de almidón de yuca (0,5; 1,0; 1.5% peso/volumen y b: Concentración de L. acidophilus (105 y 108 UFC/g) obteniendo como resultado 6 tratamientos más un control (sin tratamiento). Las muestras fueron almacenadas a 8°C y 90% de humedad relativa por 12 días, se evaluaron variables físicas (firmeza, cohesividad, pérdida de masa, sólidos solubles, acidez titulable) y microbiológicos (aerobios mesófilos, mohos y levadura) cada 4 días. Las características físicas se analizaron con estadística paramétrica; Para las variables microbiológicas (mohos y levaduras y aerobios mesófilos) se aplicó regresión lineal, todos los tratamientos tuvieron mejor comportamiento en relación con el testigo en cuanto a las características fisicoquímicas , el 0,5 % de almidón de yuca mantuvo las características físico químicas, mientras que el 1,5 % con 108ufc/mL de L. acidophilus fue quien mostró mejores características de conservación en comparación de todos los tratamientos. Se concluye que el almidón de yuca mantiene las características físicas y químicas, mientras que la interacción de los dos factores extiende la vida útil en 15 días de la papaya cortada.

Digital violence against children and adolescents is an important issue that is becoming more serious day by day. This study aims to shed light on the alarming prevalence of digital violence against children on social media in Turkey and elucidate the psychological and social implications of such violence. With the increase in digitalization, the area that individuals turn to for the most information has become social media tools. Professional professions also aim to raise awareness in society by expressing themselves on social media. In this context, psychologists who have become the most followed influencers in social media and who share about preventing digital violence constitute the focus of this research. Although there are many psychologists on social media, it was possible to reach 20 psychologists with a convenience sample in this research. The method of the research is semi-structured in-depth interview. Through the experiences and recommendations of influencer psychologists, the research offers valuable insights into preventive strategies that can mitigate the adverse effects of digital violence and protect the well-being of children in the online environment. The findings of this research will contribute to the ongoing discourse on child safety in the digital age and inform future policies and interventions designed to safeguard children from online violence.

This article articulates and defends the Aristotle-Rawls model of political engagement, challenging the prevailing view that political philosophers should primarily support the non-elite facing systemic injustices. It revisits John Rawls's contributions to political philosophy, addressing debates over his theoretical approach's practicality. Contrasting with Ben Laurence's philosopher-activist model, this article argues that the elitist approach of Aristotle and Rawls, as educators influencing societal elites (and the general public), is more effective in shaping democratic societies. The model, potentially critiqued for elitism, is presented as necessary due to the significant influence of economic and political elites in democracies. It advocates a balanced form of engagement through education, discourse, and persuasion, accessible to a broad societal spectrum, thereby fostering a more inclusive and just political culture. The article concludes by urging political theorists and philosophers to integrate this model into their work, highlighting its role in empowering diverse groups, complementing democratic processes, and cultivating an informed, rational, and equitable society.