The use of body parts and other artefacts taken from the gallows for magical purposes was a recurring phenomenon in the early modern period, even up until the late 19th century. While often disregarded as superstition, in this text, the phenomenon has been examined as specifically a form of magic – what it was used for, where it got its power from and who used it. The sources have been drawn from the town court records of Stockholm in the latter half of the 16th century and first half of the 17th century, but it is very likely that the practice was widespread throughout Sweden. Previous research states that parts of the bodies taken from the gallows were used for their potent and beneficial purposes – they were used to cure diseases or put in beer kegs to make the beer stronger. To the author, that does not provide a satisfactory explanation. While admittedly, it is often difficult to fully ascertain exactly what function the corpses used filled – the town court records are sometimes vague regarding this, it is reasonable to assume that the uses were intended to in some way harm others. Discovery of and rumors about the uses of corpse parts seems to have deeply upset those around the user, and to have been associated with infamy and taboo. In the only concrete sentence in which the crime is named, it is considered destruction, or damaging magic. Previous research argues that the potency of the corpse parts derived from a kind of lingering life force, still active in the dead body, which could have a healing effect on its user. In this study, the uses of corpse parts have instead been analyzed as metaphors, where the uses of hands of executed thieves are used to steal happiness and success from others. While previous research often locates the uses of the criminal body for medicinal purposes to the 18th century and onwards, this study does not necessarily contradict those findings. It does however argue that the uses of the criminal body in the 18th century and onwards might have differed from its uses during the 16th and 17th centuries.

The study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between body image and shyness among a sample of university students. As well as identifying the level of shyness among university students and identifying the statistically significant relationship between body image and shyness among university students. The study sample consisted of (60) students from the University of Basra, the College of Education for Human Sciences and the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach, and the researcher adopted the questionnaire as a basic tool for collecting information, as it adopted the first measurement tools to measure body image, consisting of (29) items. The second is to measure shyness, consisting of (26) items. The study tools were applied to a survey sample of (15) female students from the study community. The tools were distributed after verifying their validity, stability, and good psychometric properties, on a random sample of (60) female students. The researcher used multiple statistical methods to analyze the sample's response As for the results of the study The body image is not fixed, but rather changing according to life events, and it differs in conditions of illness from health and in different stages of life, and depending on the economic and social status.

Background: Previous research has shown that the Covid-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of individuals, particularly health-care workers (HCWs) who are at the first line of the battle against the Novel Corona Virus. We aimed to investigate the correlation between and job stress and Covid-19-induced anxiety amongst HCWs. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in Iran in 2022. Data were collected using three questionnaires, including the demographic, Health and Safety Executives (HSE), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS). To evaluate the correlation between job stress and Covid-19-induced anxiety we employed linear regression using the SPSS software (version 22) considering a significant level at 0.05. Results: This study found that HCWs in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province experienced moderate levels of job stress and approximately half of them reported mild Covid-19-induced anxiety. In addition, Covid-19-induced anxiety was influenced by two other factors: history of Covid-19 (B:2.24, p-value<0.0001) and the history of death in the family due to Covid-19 (B:5.46, p-value=0.011). Also, this study showed that job stress increases Covid-19-induced anxiety (B:0.13, p-value=0.021). Conclusion: Job stress had a direct positive effect on Covid-19-induced anxiety. But the strengthening of the relationship between job stress and Covid-19-induced anxiety may be due to the confounding role of the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, we must teach HCWs how to manage stress and anxiety during pandemics like the Covid-19 pandemic.

This narrative review delves into the diagnostic test accuracy of AI-assisted mammography for breast imaging, examining its potential, challenges, and future implications. AI's integration into medical imaging has promised to revolutionize breast cancer diagnosis, prompting an evaluation of its performance and impact. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, resulting in the identification of key articles. These studies encompassed diverse AI techniques, training datasets, and geographical contexts. The review synthesizes findings on sensitivity, specificity, interpretability, ethical considerations, and global implications. The studies collectively demonstrate AI's potential in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, with deep learning algorithms exhibiting commendable sensitivity and specificity levels. However, challenges arise in data diversity, algorithmic bias, and interpretability. Ethical and regulatory considerations underscore the need for responsible AI deployment. The concept of augmented intelligence, wherein AI collaborates with radiologists, holds promise for future clinical practice. AI-assisted mammography holds transformative potential in breast cancer diagnosis, accuracy and efficiency. While challenges exist, collaborative efforts between stakeholders are essential to navigate complexities and realize AI's benefits. The review concludes that while AI holds promise in breast cancer diagnosis, ethical, global, and research considerations are imperative for its responsible and effective deployment.