Global Software Development projects involve crucial factors impacting the overall project cost and budget. A traditional model such as COCOMO II relies heavily on historical data, and obtaining accurate historical data for specific project types can be challenging. In addition, expert judgment is required to set many input parameters, which can introduce subjectivity and variability in the estimation process. Consequently, there is a need to enhance the current global software development model to mitigate the risks associated with cost overruns. We proposed a hybrid framework based on COCOMO II and artificial neural networks. This framework incorporates empirically validated additional cost drivers identified through a systematic review and input from industry practitioners. We also compared the effectiveness of the proposed model with machine learning-based regression models for software cost estimation. We performed experiments on NASA 93 datasets by adopting twenty-six global software development-based cost drivers and evaluated the model using Mean Squared Error, Mean Relative Error, and Mean Magnitude of Relative Error metrics. Results show that the proposed model can provide more accurate and reliable cost estimates than other baselines.
Unimodal biometric solutions will be unable to achieve the acceptable performance require-ments for big user population applications because of issues such as noisy data, intra-class fluctuations, limited degrees of freedom, non-university, spoof attacks, and unacceptable error rates. An approach like hybrid biometrics refers to the use of a combination of two or more bi-ometric traits in a single identification system to provide a significant efficient way out to overcome such problems. The most significant reason to combine different modalities is to improve recognition accuracy. This can be done when features of different biometrics are sta-tistically independent. This research work overviews and discusses the various scenarios that are possible in multimodal biometric systems using ear and side faces for recognition, which can be adapted to fuse information and improve overall system accuracy. In this paper, a de-tailed investigation is done to bring out the unique capabilities, the hybrid multimodal bio-metric-based designs can offer when used to meet the challenges of today’s, demanding high-performance real-time security applications.
Aim: The Aim is to Incidence of Computer vision syndrome among the undergraduate students and to assess the changes will be seen with or without blue cut glasses. Methodology: A questionnaire based study was conducted among UG student which was performed in Sanskriti University Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. The participants were surveyed using a pre tested structured questionnaire through google form. Result: A total 101 students were included in the study subject, majority i.e. 86(83%) were male 25 (24.7%) were 20 years of age. and 17(17%) were female. The incidence of computer vision syndrome was (79%). The commonest symptoms of computer vision syndrome were watering of eye (32.5%), followed by eye pain (23.75%), headache (12.5%) etc. The use rate of computer or phones i.e.(100%) was higher and the majority (51%) of their screen time were for more than 5hr. out of 101 (75%) students were wearing glasses and most of them are using blue cut glasses which is (73.68%) and rest of them were using ARC and hard coat type of coating glasses .Also we find that There is no significant changes was found when someone use blue cut glasses or without blue cut glasses i.e. looking normal vision. Conclusion: The present study shows that maximum UG students are affected by computer vision syndrome that is they possess at least one symptoms of computer vision syndrome. Those students who use computer or phones for more than 5hr daily were at a higher risk of developing computer vision syndrome when compare to student who spend some time or hour and take frequent breaks. Even the use of screen had not yet proven to cause any permanent damage to the eye, but studies have proven that temporary discomfort reduced the efficiency of work. It needs to update the students with necessary knowledge regarding the preventive aspect of the current conditions. And also there is no significant change was found when someone use blue cut glasses and without blue cut glasses.
The paper analyzes the role of the West and like-minded ASEAN states in sustaining the Liberal International Economic Order (LIEO) in the face of global economic and political challenges posed by China and Russia. It explores the ability of countries under investigation to collaborate plurilaterally within the region and to cooperate with strategic partners, states, and institutions of the Western Bloc. The paper consists of four sections: three legal studies and one economic study. The legal studies focus on tactics to sustain the LIEO framed in the broader context of the desired and possible state of international relations the Liberal International Order (ILO). In analyzing the instruments, the authors concentrated on the Single Window System (SWS). The economic study investigates the socio-economic potentials of these countries, their linkages, and capacity to build links with intraregional partners and partners outside the region. The paper highlights the importance of political will to establish collaboration among the examined countries in the Asian region, and with Western countries outside the region. It also emphasizes the dangers and risks of dealing with strategic rivals, such as China and Russia. The paper concludes that the SWS is a rational path for establishing economic collaboration, and that the ties of ASEAN with the EU and NAFTA are particularly important to strengthen their ability to meet the challenge from China.
Background and purpose: Otomycosis is a fungal infection that frequently affects the external auditory canal. The study of fungal etiologies of otomycosis is relatively uncommon in Senegal. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of these mycoses in Ziguinchor, through a survey of cases diagnosed at the La Paix hospital in Ziguinchor. Method: This retrospective descriptive study took place from February 03, 2021 to August 31, 2022 in 82 patients presenting with clinical suspicion of otomycosis at the Otolaryngology (ENT) department of the Hopital de la Paix de Ziguinchor (HPZ). External ear canal exudates collected with swabs from each patient were observed by direct microscopic examination and cultured in Sabouraud Chloramphenicol medium with and without Actidione at 30-37 C. Strains were identified on the basis of macroscopic, microscopic and physiological characteristics. Results: Mycological examination was positive in 70 patients, a prevalence of 85.37%. The positivity rate was higher in women (52.86%) than in men (47.14%), with a non-significant difference (p=0.7252). The majority of affected patients were aged between 21 and 40 (42.86%), with a non-significant difference (p=0.9363). Otomycosis was significantly higher in patients with auricular pruritus (31.48%) than in those without (p=1.7033e-6). Mycologically, Aspergillus section Nigri (30.00%), Aspergillus section Flavi (20.00%) and Candida albicans/Candida dubliniensis (10%) were the most frequently isolated species. Conclusion: These results show that fungal agents play an important role in the etiology of otitis externa. Hence the importance of mycological diagnosis for better patient management.
The Boti tribe is the most unique traditional indigenous tribe on the island of Timor and even in the world. In the economic sector, the Boti tribe fulfills their economic needs independently through farming and animal husbandry without assistance from the government or other parties. The Boti tribal community rejects all kinds of government assistance in the form of cash and non-cash, rejects the entry of foreign culture, rejects the entry of technological or modernization production goods, formal education for the younger generation, religion and the national calendar system. The Boti tribe community feels very prosperous with their family's economic and other social needs fulfilled. The research results show that the basic dimensions formed by the dimensions of satisfaction, meaning in life and the need for security determine that people feel very prosperous and happy in fulfilling basic needs and other needs without dependence on the government or other parties.
This research study aimed to investigate the impact of sun-dried bovine rumen contents (SDBRC) on the growth and linear body measurements of New Zealand White rabbits (n=12). The experimental rabbits were carefully selected from four New Zealand White does and subsequently allocated into three distinct treatments, each with specific dietary compositions. The control group was provided with a standard diet of rabbit pellets, while the experimental groups received rabbit pellets supplemented with 30% (Treatment A) and 40% (Treatment B) of SDBRC. All animals were subjected to consistent and meticulous livestock management practices throughout the 12-week experimental period. There were no significant differences on the the growth of rabbits given rabbit pellets and 30% SDBRC. However, live weight gain and final weights of rabbits on 40% SDBRC inclusion were significantly lower than the 30% SDBRC inclusion and the control (P<0.05). Important parameters such as total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage were not significantly different (P > 0.05) for the different dietary treatments. Furthermore, the linear body measurements, including heart girth, body length, and abdominal circumference, were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by dietary variations. Carcass weight for the rabbits on 40% SDBRC inclusion was significantly lower than for rabbits on the control and 30% SBDRC inclusion treatments(p=0.001). Other carcass parameters such as meat colour and pH exhibited no significant differences across all three treatments (p>0.05). Overall, these findings highlight the promising potential of incorporating SDBRC into rabbit diets, particularly up to 30%, without compromising growth performance and carcass quality. This research contributes valuable insights to rabbit nutrition and offers practical recommendations for optimizing rabbit husbandry practices, promoting sustainable livestock management, and ensuring food security.
This study provides an overview of an Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) plan specifically tailored for a university setting. IMC is a strategic approach that combines various communication channels and tactics to effectively promote and communicate the unique offerings and benefits of the university to the target audience. The IMC plan begins with a comprehensive analysis of the higher education market, including an evaluation of industry trends, competitor strategies, and the preferences and behaviors of the target audience. Understanding the target audience, including prospective students, parents, and influencers, is crucial for developing tailored and relevant communication messages that address their needs and aspirations. The plan identifies key communication channels that are most relevant and impactful for reaching the target audience. This may involve digital platforms, social media, campus events, and community engagement initiatives. By selecting the right combination of channels, the ABC Campus can maximize reach, engagement, and ultimately, convert prospective students into enrolled students.
We present an analytical proof assisted by computer calculations for the dynamical stability of the eight main planets and Pluto for the next 100,000 years. It means that the semi-major axes of the planets will not change significantly during this period. Also the eccentricities and inclinations of the orbits will remain sufficiently small. A standard linear four-step numerical method is used to integrate approximately the orbits of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. Written in orbital elements, the dynamics of the nine planets manifests a system of 54 first-order ordinary differential equations. The step-size of the numerical method - about six days, has been performed 6,290,000 times. We estimate the total accumulation of rounding-off errors, deviations related to possible uncertainty in the astronomical data and the accuracy of the computer calculations.
The Uralic language family comprises of over 30 daughter languages spoken from the Atlantic Ocean to the Yenisei River in the Northern part of Eurasia. This article summarizes the most recent linguistic, ancient DNA and archaeological results to identify the original homeland of the Proto-Uralic community. Our conclusion is that Proto-Uralic formed in Eastern Transbaikalia, in the upper Amur River Basin between 8300 and 4200 yBP. The article describes the spread of various Uralic subgroups from the Transbaikal area towards their actual locations after 4200 yBP in connection with the 4,2 kya climatic event, connecting specific Y-SNP subgroups and TMRCA coalescence times with linguistic branches. We describe in detail how the Transbaikal homeland is possible from a paleo-linguistic perspective, including the early Uralic contacts with other language families. From a more ancient perspective, the Transbaikal homeland and the earlier arrival of Haplogroup N to the area from present-day Manchuria also provides the right chronology and location of early contacts with the Macro-Altaic linguistic phylum. We believe that our comprehensive approach provides a feasible solution of the Proto-Uralic homeland challenge and enables further research on the chronological, linguistic, and genetic contacts with other North-East Asian population groups including Yukaghir, Eskimo-Aleut, Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, Korean, and Japanese.