Abstract\nPurpose – The paper investigates how crisis response strategy is influenced by pre-crisis reputation & country of origin during (COO) during crisis. \nDesign/methodology/approach – A quasi-experimental study was undertaken to test this influence in Indian versus Non-Indian countries.\nFindings –Countries with positive national identity can withstand the crisis situation better than one with a negative or neutral identity. Based on the COO, companies can choose a less accommodative crisis response strategy like diminishing rather than rebuilding to quell the crisis impact. \nOriginality/value –It provides an understanding of how crisis managers can select the most appropriate response strategy during crisis. \nKeywords: Crisis communication, Crisis response strategy, Country of Origin, Diminishing Strategy, Rebuilding Strategy

The insurance landscape is evolving with the emergence of peer-to-peer (P2P) insurance models that align with the values of Generation Z (Gen Z). This research examines how P2P insurance fosters a community-driven approach to risk management, allowing participants to collaboratively pool resources, which emphasizes mutual trust and support. Gen Z’s demand for transparency, ethical practices, and sustainability positions them as key players in this shift. By focusing on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, the study reveals that integrating sustainability into insurance practices enhances appeal to younger consumers who seek financial products that align with their ethical beliefs. The analysis of Gen Z’s purchasing behavior highlights trust and social impact as crucial influences on their engagement with P2P models. Findings indicate that insurers must adopt community-centered approaches to build trust and participation among Gen Z, offering valuable insights for developing sustainable insurance solutions that meet the expectations of this socially conscious generation.

The Book of Songs, as an important part of ancient Chinese literature, covers various types of poetry during the pre-Qin period, including works with women as the theme. Women have distinct colors in the Book of Songs, with diverse images, including not only humble and virtuous women but also strong and brave women. The origin of these images mainly comes from the social environment and the particularity of women’s status during the pre-Qin period. In the pre-Qin period, the idea of men being superior to women was prevalent, and women were strictly bound and limited. However, there were also some special female roles, which were reflected and praised in the Book of Songs, showing their virtues and talents. On the other hand, there are also descriptions of women’s pain and misfortune in the Book of Songs, reflecting the heavy pressure and unequal treatment that women suffered in those days. Through exploring the feminine features in the Book of Songs, women’s consciousness and expression have been fully displayed, laying a solid foundation for the shaping and exploration of female images in literary works in later generations.

This study examined language-induced emotions and nuances between simultaneous (native languages, Punjabi-Urdu) and sequential (Urdu-English) bilinguals. The participants were presented with 20 passages of positive and negative discourse types in Punjabi, Urdu and English to read and listen to using the event-related methodology. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) were measured by Early Posterior Negativity (EPN) and Late Positive Complex (LPC) latencies; emotion arousal differences in both groups were gauged by EPN and LPC amplitude. The general linear method (GLM), with repeated measures of ANOVA, was employed to examine variable correlations. Results revealed that highly proficient English (L2) speakers in sequential bilinguals, regardless of their age of English acquisition, processed emotional discourse similarly to native speakers (Punjabi and Urdu) in simultaneous bilinguals. Simultaneous bilinguals showed reduced emotionality because of less proficiency in reading the Punjabi scripts.

The evidence of gender-affirming medical interventions for young people continues to be the subject of fierce debate, both within medicine and society at large. While several systematic reviews have looked at the overall quality of evidence, many clinicians and researchers continue to insist on the evidence from individual studies. Two studies that have been widely cited in this regard are by (Chen et al., 2023) and (Tordoff et al., 2022). In fact, both have been cited in amicus briefs to the United States Supreme Court in support of the medicalization of minors for gender-affirming purposes. The authors review the evidence presented in these two studies in greater detail to dispel the misconceptions that surround them.

Tobacco consumption is a major global health concern, causing over 8 million deaths annually. In India, Mizoram has one of the highest rates of tobacco use, deeply rooted in cultural and historical traditions. Despite growing awareness of its health risks and the implementation of control measures, tobacco remains an integral part of social practices in the state. Understanding the historical origins, cultural significance, and persistent challenges of tobacco consumption in Mizoram is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. This paper examines the historical trajectory of tobacco use in Mizoram, its cultural associations, and the barriers to reducing its prevalence.

This study explores the portrayal of America in Umar Kayam’s Cold War Literature, Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhattan (Fireflies in Manhattan) (1972). Set in 1960s America during the Cold War’s peak, the narrative is analyzed through Occidentalism theory that incorporates intersectionality (race, class, gender) theory. Using “wide-close-deep” reading method, the analysis integrates textual and contextual elements, including biographies and historical archives. The analysis process involves 1) data collection, 2) data condensation, 3) data display, and 4) conclusion verification, focusing on America’s representation. Findings reveal that Kayam’s rise as a Indonesian national-caliber author reflects Cold War cultural dynamics, aligning with New Order anti-communist ideologies. Despite his U.S. ties through scholarships, his works critique Western capitalism, advocating for democracy while exposing its flaws: America is depicted as dark, mysterious, and Orientalist; its working class as apolitical and less cultured; and its gender dynamics as patriarchal. Kayam’s portrayal balances admiration for individual freedom with criticism of American capitalism.

En la Contabilidad Pública, y en todas las asignaturas afines (Hacienda Pública, Administración Pública, Administración Financiera del Sector Público, etc), existe un aspecto indudable, y es que el sujeto jurídico de estudio es el Estado.\nLos conceptos de Administración Pública y Contabilidad Pública resultan inseparables del concepto de Estado, en parte porque tienen una historia común, dado que éste último contiene a los anteriores, y en parte, porque su evolución ha sido análoga, dada la estrecha relación de su progreso y complejidad. Esa es la razón por la que se inicia el estudio a partir de la consideración del concepto de Estado y su implicancia en la sustancia de la Administración y Contabilidad Pública.\nEl Estado es ante todo y en el fondo una comunidad que radica en el instinto social del hombre y que se caracteriza por su finalidad general. El fin del Estado se diferencia de todas las demás figuras comunitarias. Este fin consiste en la satisfacción amplia y completa de las funciones sociales fundamentales exigidas por la integración de la naturaleza humana, la defensa de la propia comunidad, así como el mantenimiento de su orden jurídico y de su bienestar general. De esta manera entonces, el Estado como fenómeno moderno, aparece desde el Renacimiento, y se consolida posteriormente en el periodo histórico cultural denominado “La Ilustración”.\nEs precisamente el propósito que me ha impulsado a realizar el presente trabajo, desarrollar y analizar una de las funciones que le compete al Estado, concretamente la vinculada al Principio de Subsidiariedad, aludiendo a la base de sustentación del principio, tanto conceptual como doctrinaria.\nPosteriormente analizaremos la vinculación del mencionado principio con el bien común, y otras vinculaciones relacionadas, para luego analizar los condicionantes del mismo, y para arribar finalmente a un diagnóstico y formular algunas conclusiones.

This thesis explores the use of time metaphors in Bengali and English, drawing on Lakoff and Johnson\'s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Kövecses\'s work. It investigates two key questions: 1) How similar are time metaphors in Bengali and English? 2) How can understanding these similarities aid Bangladeshi EFL learners?\nThe research analyzes data from the British National Corpus (BNC) and Bengali Web Corpus (bnWaC) using a combination of literature review, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA), and corpus linguistics. Findings reveal significant similarities in how both languages conceptualize time. Common metaphors include TIME IS MONEY, A VALUABLE COMMODITY, and A LIMITED RESOURCE. Additionally, both languages utilize multiple source domains to depict the target domain of time. Notably, everyday Bengali conversation displays a higher frequency of this phenomenon compared to English.\nThe study argues that recognizing these shared metaphors can significantly benefit Bangladeshi EFL learners. It fosters a deeper understanding of meaning-making in language acquisition. By drawing connections between familiar Bengali metaphors and their English counterparts, learners can effectively communicate their comprehension and identify areas requiring further study.

Ketan, apem, kolak are mandatory menus in the ruwahan tradition. This research aims to describe the philosophical meaning of ketan, apem, kolak in the ruwahan tradition using an anthropological linguistic approach with contextual design. Data collection refers to note-taking techniques, participant observation and interviews. Data analysis was carried out by transcribing interviews and notes, followed by a reading process. From data analysis, we will be able to find out the origin of the words and the philosophical meaning of ketan, apem, kolak in the ruwahan tradition. The results of the research show that ketan comes from khotan (Arabic) which means mistake; apem comes from affun or afwan (Arabic) meaning sorry, kolak comes from khalaqa (Arabic) which means to create. Ruwahan comes from arwah (Arabic) meaning spirit. Ketan is a symbol of human mistakes. Apem is a symbol of asking for forgiveness. Kolak is a symbol of the existence of God Almighty. Ketan, apem, kolak in the ruwahan tradition contain Javanese local wisdom values which are still preserved, to maintain the relationship between humans and humans (hablum minannas), the relationship between humans and nature (hablum minalalam), the relationship between humans and God (hablum minallah).

Bodies of water are new images of posthuman subjects conceived by Jeanette Winterson. They are not merely metaphors; they are political and ethical images that interfere with reality, serving as responses to the pressing water-related issues of the contemporary Anthropocene predicament. In the discourse of modern water, the perception of water as both universal and isolated has resulted in severe destruction of water resources. However, conceptualizing bodies of water as posthuman embodied images offers a promising direction, since these images endow water with gestationality, transcorporeality and unknowability, and require us to envision material water as an integral part of the planetary hydrocommons we create, which in turn reshapes our relationship with non-human bodies of water. Drawing on these new subject images i.e. bodies of water will help to dismantle the humanist concepts of self-sufficiency and isolation, disintegrate its illusory unitary subject, and strengthen a relational ethic. Moreover, this approach emphasizes that humans and nature coexist as a “we”, as we are all bodies of water and have always been distinct bodies of water.

Land administration in Edo State, Nigeria, has been reeled with numerous issues that bordered on land grabbing, in-depth corrupt practices, high level of criminality, improper allocation of land, untold hardship in the acquisition of Certificate of Occupancy (C of O), extreme monetization of land development stages, etc. Several attempts were made by the state government and the traditional institutions to remedy the situation but to no avail. However, in 2017, Edo Geographical Information System was created to utilize ICT measure as a means to ameliorate the situation. This study, therefore, examined EdoGIS by assessing the impacts of ICT application on land administration in the state. Relying on the survey research design, and both the quantitative and qualitative methods of research, the study revealed that ICT application has greatly impacted land administration and access in the state with a correlation of .384 @ p < 0.01. It also revealed that the application of ICT in land administration in Edo state has ensured land security albeit with a mixed public opinion. While acknowledging the impact of ICT application on land processes, the findings revealed some challenges that border on digital divide, lack of awareness and corrupt practices by members of staff. Thus, the study recommended that the government ensure inclusivity and building trust through continuous engagement and awareness education. Also, the study recommended that corrupt officers should be strictly monitored through digitalized means.

This paper focuses on two consequences of determinism being true. First I revisit the argument, although in a rectified form, that if determinism is true, there is no knowledge as we understand it typically and the fact that determinism is true cannot be known by us. I then develop a further consequence of such an odd epistemic position which is to be left with a contrary alternative to opt for.